Multivariate Time Series Analysis in Climate and Environmental Research by Zhihua Zhang

Author:Zhihua Zhang
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

6.3.1 Basic Physical Laws Used in Climate Models

A climate model is a computer program that uses well-established physical, biological, and chemical principles to provide credible quantitative estimates of mass transfer, energy transfer, radiant exchange in the Earth system. It needs to divide the globe into a three-dimensional grid of cells representing specific geographic locations and elevations. Each of the components (atmosphere, land surface, ocean, and sea ice) has different equations calculated on the global grid for various climate variables. Climate models can simulate well the interactions of atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, and biosphere, and estimate climate change on seasonal, annual, decadal, and centennial timescales. It is also a powerful tool to investigate the degree to which observed and future climate changes may be due to natural variability, human activity, or a combination of both.

Fundamental equations governing atmospheric and oceanic dynamics are as follows.

(1) The horizontal velocity equations for atmosphere and ocean dynamics modeling is:

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